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Objective To provide a reliable and stable animal model for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). Methods Ninety C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy and 35 Gy radiation groups. The mice were executed at 4 weeks after radiation and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the liver serum were measured. HE staining was performed on the pathological liver tissues. Masson staining was performed at 36 weeks after radiation. Results Compared with the control group, the fatality rate was higher in the 30 and 35 Gy radiation groups, and the body weight significantly decreased in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups. Compared with the control group, alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in mice exposed to 20 Gy, while aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased in mice exposed to 25 Gy. No significant changes were observed in the livers of the mice in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups, but pathological examination showed liver damage induced by both 20 and 25 Gy radiation. Conclusion A stable and reliable mouse model of RILD was constructed for treatment with linear accelerator. The mouse model of RILD constructed for stereotactic body radiation therapy using linear accelerator has significant research implications for the exploration of RILD.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on the inflammatory response of PC12 cells induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and its related mechanism.Methods:The PC12 cells were cultured in vitro were randomly divided into sham(control) group, OGD group, LMWH group and blocking agent group. The latter group was divided into six groups: Eritoran+ OGD group, LMWH+ Eritoran+ OGD group, ST2825+ OGD group, LMWH+ ST2825+ OGD group, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC)+ OGD group and LMWH+ PDTC+ OGD group. OGD cell model was established. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell activity. The expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) mRNA and protein were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and S100β were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:The cell activity of OGD group was significantly lower than that of control group on the first, second, third day ( P<0.05). Compared with OGD group, the activity of LMWH group was increased on the second, third day ( P<0.05), but lower than that of control group ( P<0.01). The mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB was significantly increased in OGD group compared with the control group ( F=144.9, F=710.5, 79.51, P<0.01). Compared with OGD group, the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB were significantly decreased after treatment with LMWH ( P<0.01), and the specific inhibitor of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of LMWH. The protein expression of this pathway was consistent with that of the gene. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and S100β in OGD group was significantly higher than control group ( P<0.05). After treatment with LMWH, the concentrations of inflammatory factors and S100β were significantly decreased compared with OGD group ( P<0.01). When hinder TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB respectively by Eritoran, ST2825 and PDTC, the concentrations of inflammatory factors and S100β were significantly decreased, but it was still higher than control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:OGD can cause pathological damage of PC12 cells, including high expression level of S100β and aggravation of inflammatory reaction. LMWH can improve cell activity, down-regulate inflammatory reaction degree and protect the cells. Using inhibitors of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway to inhibit the corresponding target, the up-regulation of inflammatory factors by OGD can be inhibited in varying degrees. These suggested that LMWH may regulate inflammatory reaction of PC12 cells induced by OGD through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Objective To explore clinical curative effects of superficial temporal artery-middle cer-ebral artery bypass combining with encephalo-duroarterio-synangiosis( STA-MCA+EDMS) in the treatment of moyamoya disease. Methods Thirteen cases were confirmed to be moyamoya disease by digital subtrac-tion angiography ( DSA) , and treated with STA-MCA+EDMS methods. Four cases were ischemic, and the others were hemorrhagic in this group. Results The follow-up was 6-12 months. The clinical symptoms were improved significantly, without cerebral ischemic attack in 4 ischemic cases. Seven hemorrhagic cases got blood from the external carotid artery by means of vascular bypass or temporal muscle, and established effective collateral circulation half a year after operation. Two hemorrhagic cases bleed again in July after operation. However, the family gave up treatment. Ten cases were good, one case was moderate, while two cases got bad. The total effective rate was 76. 9％. Conclusions STA-MCA+EDMS can improve cerebral hemodynamics of moyamoya disease, improve quality of life, and reduce incidence of stroke.
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Objective To explore advantages of laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery for ultra low rectal cancer . Methods From April 2006 to January 2015, we performed laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery in 108 cases of ultra-low rectal cancer.After laparoscopic mesorectal resection and lymph node dissection were completed , transection of the rectum was performed with the Endo-GIA at 2 cm from the lower margin of the tumor .The right lower abdomen main operation port was expanded to remove the lesion and introduce the stapler base .The proximal colon was returned and the pneumoperitoneum was re-established .A colorectal end-to-end anastomosis was conducted through the anus by using a carliber 29 circular stapler . Results Laparoscopic operation was successfully accomplished in all the 108 cases.No conversion to open surgery was required .No operative mortality was encountered . The operation time was 68 -145 min ( mean, 104 min ) , the intraoperative blood loss was 10 -100 ml ( mean, 40 ml ) , the postoperative flatus time was 1-3.5 d (mean, 2.3 d), and the number of removed lymph nodes was 8-37 (mean, 12.5).There were 98 patients followed up for 6-62 months (mean, 24.6 months).No tumor metastasis or recurrence was found . Conclusion Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of ultra low sphincter preserving operation is feasible .
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Bilateral sequential cataract surgery is very common in clinical,but the ophthalmologists often ignore how to choose the timing of operation and whether the first eye can be used to improve the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for the second one.Despite the refinements in IOL selection with the use of third-generation IOL formulas,5％ of eyes still result in a postoperative refractive surprise of ± 1.00 D or more.This paper introduced the methods of using refraction error of the first eye to improve the IOL power calculation for the second eye,and the refractive error of the second eye can be improved by modifying the IOL power to correct up to 50％ of the error from the first eye in details.Because of the variation of the postoperative refractive surprise within a month,the interval of three to four weeks between two eyes cataract surgery is highly recommended.These conclusions may provide the advantageous guidance for us in the selection of IOL in bilateral cataract surgery.
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ObjectiveTo study the risk factors of renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) following partial nephrectomy.MethodsOpen partial nephrectomy was performed on a total of 464 cases of renal cell cancer from July 2003 to May 2010. Five patients ( 1.1％ ) had postoperative hemorrhage from RAP.The surgery technique of the open partial nephrectomy, the clinical presentation, imaging findings and treatment of RAP were reviewed. The anatomical characteristics of these five renal tumors on enhanced CT were quantified using the R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score System.ResultsAll five cases were male, two had tumors on the left side and three on the right side. Median tumor size was 3.6 cm ( range from 2.5 to 5 cm; Radius score 1 - 2). Four tumors were exophytic of these, three had a major endophytic component (≥50％) deep in the parenchyma (Exophytic/endophytic score 2 ), one was entirely endophytic (score 3 ). The distance of all the tumors to the collecting system was ≤4 mm ( Nearness score 3 ). Four of the five tumors were across the polar line and/or renal axial midline ( Location score 3 ). The other tumor was located under the lower pole ( Location score 1 ) but close to the renal hilar. All patients presented with delayed gross haematuria and decreasing hemoglobin occurred on mean postoperative day 12 (3 -23 day). Four patients complained of flank pain, two of which had signs of hypovolemia requiring blood transfusion. The diagnosis was confirmed by the contrast medium-enhanced CT and selective angiography, and RAP was found most commonly arising from the segmental branch of renal artery. Superselective microcoil angioembolization was successfully performed in four cases, once in three cases and twice in the remaining case. The procedure failed in one patient and a nephrectomy was done. At a mean follow-up of 21 months (12 -30) , all patients had normal renal function without evidence of recurrence.ConclusionsRAP should be considered in all patients who had delayed hematuria after partial nephrectomy. A central, deep tumor and its relationship to the segmental branch of renal artery could be an important risk factor for this complication. Choosing the case properly for partial nephrectomy and suturing the transected vessels and the defect of parenchymal correctly could reduce occurrence of this serious complication. Early use of selective angioembolization could be a primary choice of treatment.
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Objective To discuss the etiology and management of hemorrhage after partial nephrectomy because of renal cancer. Methods Of the 382 cases performed partial nephrectomy during a 10-year period, 5 patients(1.3%) had postoperative hemorrhage because of a renal artery pseudoaneurysm. The ages of these patients were from 42 to 63 years. All the tumors were malignant with an average diameter of 2. 8 cm. The renal pedicle was blocked in 2 cases with tumor size larger than 3 cm. The kidney was reconstructed with interrupted 0 chromic sutures in "8"or "U" style. Delayed postoperative hemorrhage occurred from 6 days to 3 months. The blood loss was from 1000 to 4500mi. Shock or lower blood pressure occurred in 3 patients. Nephrectomy was performed in 1 patient and selective angiographic embolization was performed in other 4 cases. Results Angiography revealed renal artery pseudoaneurysm in all 5 cases at the third (4 cases) or fourth branch(1 patient).Percutaneous embolization was successful in 4 patients. Four cases were followed up for 2 to 9 years without complication. Conclusions Delayed postoperative hemorrhage following partial nephrectomy is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication. Super-selective angiographic embolization could be the first choice of treatment.
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Objective To evaluate the application significance of Bosniak renal cyst classification. Methods The operations of 497 cases of cystic renal masses were performed from 2002 to 2007 in our hospital.The average age of these cases was 42-years old,the average diameter of renal cysts was 5.4 cm. There were 212 left lesions,265 right and 20 bilateral.According to Bosniak classification,there were 339 cases of category I,49 cases of category Ⅱ(including 23 cases of category ⅡF),44 cases of category Ⅲ and 65 cases of category Ⅳ.Renal cystectomy was performed in 372 cases when nephron sparing surgery performed in 51 eases and radical nephrectomy performed in 74 cases.Results Malignant tumors were found in 89 cases and benign lesions were found in 408 cases.The malignant rate was 0.9% in category I,10.2% in category Ⅱ(13.O%in category ⅡF),52.3% in category Ⅲ,89.2% in category Ⅳ.There was significant difference among the 4 groups,but there was no significant difference between category ⅡF and non-Ⅱ F of category Ⅱ.403 cases were followed up for 1-5 years with 75 cases of malignancy and 328 cases of benign lesions.Recurrence or metastasis was found in 9 malignant cases.Conclusions Careful follow-up should be performed in category I and Ⅱ,especially in the cases of Ⅱ F category and the eases with changes of diameter or morphology.It is definite that surgery should be performed in the cases of renal cyst with category Ⅲ or Ⅳ for their high malignant rate.
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Objective To discuss the treatment of synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma.Methods Fourteen cases of synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma with 12 males and 2 females were treated from 1994 to 2005.Lumbago occurred in 4 cases and hematuria in 2 cases.All the cases were diagnosed with the CT scan,IVU,US and/or MR.Six cases received bilateral operation simultaneously,8 cases received sequential operations.Radical nephrectomy on one side and partial nephrectomy on the opposite side was conducted in 8 patients.Partial nephrectomy on both sides was performed for 6 patients. Results Twenty-two operations were performed in 14 cases.The average operative time was(263±52)min in simultaneous operation and(155±46)min in others.The length of hospital stay was(11.5±2.1)d in simultaneous operation and(7.4±1.2)d in staging operatiom Ten cases were followed up for 6-41 months.The renal function remained good in 7 patients.The SCr increased in 3 cases with no need for dialysis.One case died 25 months later with metastasis of lung.One case with local recurrence died 38 months later.One case died of cerebral hemorrhage.Conclusions The renal function and treating tumor must be considered in managing synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma.The geheral condition of patient and the position of tumor should be evaluated in order to make a treatment plan.
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Objective To study the immunosuppression of Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) on the lymphocytic blastogenesis in vitro and compare the inhibitory effects on the rejection in renal transplant rats between T-96 with Glucosidorum Tripterygll Totorum (TII) in vivo. Methods Mixed lymphocyte cells were cultured through xenogenous antigen to stimulate C57BL/6 mouse spleen cell blast transformation, then different concentrations of T-96 or TII were added respectively. By 3H-TdR methods, the inhibitory effects of T-96 and TII on the blast transformation of spleen cells were measured. Different doses of T-96 or TII were given for different groups of renal transplant rats to evaluate the effects on survival time of renal transplant rats.Methods At the concentrations of 0.25 , 0.5 , 1.0 ??g/ml T-96, there was a significant inhibitory effect on the blast transformation of mouse spleen cells as compared with control group ( P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antitumor and anti-metastatic effect of in situ transduction of adenovirus encoding cytosine deaminase (AdCD) followed by the systemic use of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) in the orthotopic (o.t.) prostate cancer mouse model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The o.t. prostate cancer model of C57BL/6 mouse was developed by o.t. inoculation of RM-1 cells to the subcapsular area of the prostate gland. In situ transduction of the CD gene, followed by systemic use of 5-FC at a daily dosage of 300 mg/kg for 14 days, was performed two days later.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with mice treated with Adbeta-gal/5-FC, 5-FC and PBS, mice of the o.t. model receiving in situ treatment of AdCD/5-FC had significant prolongation of survival and suppression of local tumor growth. More importantly, pathological observations showed that metastatic activity occurred in all mice of the PBS, 5-FC and Adbeta-gal groups including metastasis to the iliac lymph node (10/10, 10/10, 10/10) and the lung (8/10, 7/10, 7/10). However, only two out of ten had iliac lymphatic metastasis in the AdCD/5-FC group with no systemic or preaotic lymphatic metastasis, suggesting a strong metastatic inhibitory effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In situ transduction of AdCD followed by systemic use of 5-FC leads to the inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastatic activity in the o.t. mouse model of prostate cancer. Clinically, it may be possible to treat metastatic or recurrent prostate cancer with a novel gene therapy using in situ injection techniques in future.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Adenoviridae , Genetics , Cell Division , Genetics , Cytosine Deaminase , Disease Models, Animal , Flucytosine , Pharmacology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Genetics , Pathology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm Transplantation , Nucleoside Deaminases , Genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms , Genetics , Mortality , Survival Rate , Transfection , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Objective To study the inhibitory effect of CD/5 FC system on the prostate cancer cell DU145,RM 1 in vitro. Methods In vitro prostate cancer cells DU145 and RM 1 were infected by recombinant adenoviral vector and then the inhibitory effect and the bystander effect of CD/5 FC system were observed. Results CD/5 FC system had a remarkable inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cell DU145 and RM 1 in vitro, the inhibition rates being higher than 97% when infected by AdCMVCD after 4 days added with 15.5mmol/L 5 FC. A strong bystander effect could also be observed, more than 75% tumor cells being killed when only 10% were infected. Conclusions CD/5 FC system may serve as an effective gene therapeutic method.The existence of bystander effect makes itself available in the use of tumor treatment in vivo.
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Objective To study the protective effect of tadenanR on the bladder contractile function following partial outlet obstruction. Methods 20 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into 4 groups of 5 rabbits each. Control group received operation but not forming obstruction model where as other groups received operation forming obstruction model.Two weeks after operation, tadenanR group received tadenanR orally at 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for three weeks; Peanut oil group received vehicle only (peanut oil) and the obstruction group did not receive any drugs for three weeks. Five weeks after operation, the weight and volume of each bladder was assessed, and 3 longitudinal strips(1.0 cm?0.5 cm) of each bladder musculature were mounted in individual baths including Thyrode's buffer?atropine?ATP?Ca 2+ -free and high K+ solusions for contractile study. The ultrastructure of detrusor cells was observed with electron-microscope. Results tadenanR did not reduce the bladder weight after partial outlet obstruction but had protective effect on the capacity of bladder.tadenan*R treatment resulted in a protective effect on the contractile response to field stimulation in all kinds of solutions when contrasted with obstruction group and peanut oil group. It also reduced the enlargement of endoplactmic reticulum and mitochondrion as compared with obstruction group and peanut oil group. Conclusions tadenanR has direct effect on prostate through the inhibition of ?-FGF and it also has a protective effect on bladder function.So it is preferable in the treatment of BPH.
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Objective To evaluate the expression of G250 mRNA in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its clinical significance. Methods A semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was developed to assay the levels of G250 mRNA obtained from 7 normal renal tissues and 33 cases of RCC.Of the 33 RCC cases,28 had clear cell carcinoma and 5 had non-clear cell carcinoma.By UICC staging, 8 cases were diagnosed with T_1 stage carcinoma,13 with T_2 and 12 with T_3.Pathological grading showed 11 cases of G_1,15 of G_2,and 7 of G_3. Results Among the 33 cases of RCC,G250 mRNA expression was present in 28 cases (84.8%).However, it was absent in all the 7 normal renal tissues.There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P0.05);while they were 0.48?0.32,0.23?0.16 and 0.11?0.11,respectively,in RCC cases of G_1,G_2 and G_3,which showed that the expression of G250 mRNA was inversely correlated with tumor grades(P
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Objective To evaluate transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi. Methods 116 cases of ureteral calculi treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy from Dec.1999 to Feb.2002 were studied retrospectively.There were 49 male patietns and 67 female with an average age of 43,3 being upper ureteral stone,24 middle and 68 lower ureteral stone.21 ureteral stone-street. Results The stone fragmentation rate was 90%(104/116),85%(99/116) of which being fragmented on the first treatment session.The main complications were failure to insert the ureteroscope in 3 cases and ureteral perforation in 4.94 cases were follow-up for one to eighteen months and 91 cases were stone free within one month.No ureteral stricture has been observed on intravenous urogram. Conclusions Treatment of ureteral calculi by transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy has been safe, effective and less invasive.
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Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of cystic renal cell carcinoma. Methods 12 cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma have been identified. Imaging studies showed no specific evidence of malignance and the preoperative diagnosis was a complex cystic mass in all but 2.All the 12 cases had been surgically explored,intraoperative pathological examination being undertaken in 9,8 of them demonstrating a malignant cystic renal clear cell carcinoma.Radical nephrectomy was carried out in 7,simple nephrectomy in 3,partial nephrectomy in 1 and one cyst unroofed. Results All the 12 cases were confirmed as cystic renal clear cell carcinoma on pathology.All the patients have been followed up for a mean of 39.5 months and the overall results were excellent with no evidence of cancer recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Intraoperative pathological examination should be performed in suspected cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma.The prognosis is fair for cystic renal clear cell carcinoma.Nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy is indicated.
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Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors in Western countries, but its incidence in China is rising annually. Up to now, there is no effective therapy for those late stage, recurrent or hormone resistant patients. Gene therapy is the focus of study of prostate cancer in recent years both domestically and abroad. As a brand new therapeutic method,the pre clinical experimental researches have shown an encouraging future. This article reviews the major strategies and research progress in the field of gene therapy of prostate cancer.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of calcium channel blockade and oxygen free radical catalase on ESWL-induced kidney damage. Methods 120 female uninephrectomized rat models were randomizedly divided into six groups.After verapamil and(or) SOD injection,the kidneys were shocked 1 000 times at 14kV by ESW.Then ET level in kidney tissue,levels of NAG,MDA,ET in urine,variation of creatinine clearance (Ccr) and the kidney histopathological changes were evaluated. Results The variation of NAG and MDA level in urine and the Ccr in the therapeutic groups were significantly lower and the histopathological changes were also much slight than those in the control group. There was no significant difference of the biochemical and pathological changes when the dose of SOD increased from 20 thousand units to 40 thousand units per kg body weight. If verapamil was used, the levels of ET in kidney tissue and in urine both decreased.Combined use of SOD and verapamil can induce better protective effects. Conclusions Calcium channel blokade could decrease not only the degree of lipid overoxidation, but also the level of ET-relieve,so it can induce a marked protective effect on ESW-induced kidney damage and the effect could be much enhanced if combined with SOD.